Fixed Rate Mortgages

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Fixed Rate Mortgages

The traditional fixed rate mortgage is the most common type of loan programs, where monthly principal and interest payments never change during the life of the loan. Fixed rate mortgages are available in terms ranging from 10 to 30 years and can be paid off at any time without penalty. This type of mortgage is structured, or 'amortized' so that it will be completely paid off by the end of the loan term. There are also 'bi-weekly' mortgages, which shorten the loan by calling for half the monthly payment every two weeks. (Since there are 52 weeks in a year, you make 26 payments, or 13 'months' worth, every year.)

Even though you have a fixed rate mortgage, your monthly payment may vary if you have an 'impound account'. In addition to the monthly loan payment, some lenders collect additional money each month (from folks who put less than 20% cash down when purchasing their home) for the prorated monthly cost of property taxes and homeowners insurance. The extra money is put in an impound account by the lender who uses it to pay the borrowers' property taxes and homeowners insurance premium when they are due. If either the property tax or the insurance happens to change, the borrower's monthly payment will be adjusted accordingly. However, the overall payments in a fixed rate mortgage are very stable and predictable

Speak The Mortgage Lingo: Mortgage Glossary W,X,Y,Z

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Wraparound Results when an existing assumable loan is combined with a new loan, resulting in an interest rate somewhere between the old rate and the current market rate. The payments are made to a second lender or the previous homeowner, who then forwards the payments to the first lender after taking the additional amount off the top.

Zoning The division of a city or county by legislative regulations into areas (zones) specifying the uses allowable for the real property in these areas.

Speak The Mortgage Lingo: Mortgage Glossary U, V

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Underwriting The decision whether to make a loan to a potential homebuyers based on credit, employment, assets, and other factors and the matching of this risk to an appropriate rate and term or loan amount.

VA VETERANS ADMINISTRATION

VA Loan A long-term, low-or no-down payment loan guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. Restricted to individuals qualified by military service or other entitlements.

VA Mortgage Funding Fee A premium of up to 2 percent (depending on the size of the down payment) paid on a VA-backed loan. On a $75,000 30-year fixed-rate mortgage with no down payment, this would amount to $1,406 either paid at closing or added to the amount financed.

Variable Rate Mortgage (VRM) See Adjustable Rate Mortgage.

Verification of Deposit (VOD) A document signed by the borrower's financial institution verifying the status and balance of his/her financial accounts.

Verification of Employment (VOE) A document signed by the borrower's employer verifying his/her position and salary.

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Tenants in Common A percentage interest in a property by two or more individuals without rights of survivorship.

Term Mortgage See Balloon Payment Mortgage.

Title Insurance The insurance policy insuring the lender and/or the buyer that the liens are as stated in the title report. Any claim arising from a lien other than that disclosed is payable by the title insurance company.
Title Search An examination of municipal records to determine the legal ownership of property. Usually is performed by a title company.

Title A document that gives evidence of an individual's ownership of property.

Trust Deed The Trust Deed attaches the note as a lien on the property. This is the document which conveys the ability to collect from the proceeds of the property.

Truth-in-Lending A federal law requiring disclosure of the Annual Percentage Rate to homebuyers shortly after they apply for the loan. Also known as a TIL

Two-Step Mortgage A mortgage in which the borrower receives a below-market interest rate for a specified number of years (most often seven or 10 years), and then receives a new interest rate adjusted (within certain limits) to market conditions at that time. The lender sometimes has the option to call the loan, due within 30 days notice at the end of seven or 10 years. Also called 'Super Seven' or 'Premier' mortgage.

Speak The Mortgage Lingo: Mortgage Glossary S

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S.I. / Statement of Information The form the customer fills out for the title company giving further identification of the customer. This allows the title company to eliminate debts and liens owed by people with similar names.

Second Mortgage A mortgage which is entered after the primary loan. Called a second due to it being the second lien position to the first mortgage. See also Secondary Financing.

Secondary Financing Financing obtained, subordinate to the first mortgage, to facilitate closing the first mortgage. Also known as a 'piggyback' loan.

Servicing All the steps and operations a lender perform to keep a loan in good standing, such as collection of payments, payment of taxes, insurance, property inspections and the like.

Settlement Costs See Closing Costs.

Settlement See Closing.

Shared Appreciation Mortgage (SAM) A mortgage in which a borrower receives a below-market interest rate in return for which a lender (or another investor such as a family member or other partner) receives a portion of the future appreciation in the value of the property. May also apply to mortgages where the borrower shares the monthly principal and interest payments with another party in exchange for a part of the appreciation.

Submission This refers to a complete loan application package submitted for approval to the underwriting department.

Subordination Agreement The agreement detailing the contingencies of subordination, filed with the county recorder. If a lien holder agrees to accept a lien position after that of a later recorded lien.

Substitution of Trustee A document, filed by the beneficiary, which changes the trustee on a particular trust deed.

Surety Bond A bond which ensures against harm to a party (usually the lender or owner) by a lien still attached to the proper

Speak The Mortgage Lingo: Mortgage Glossary R

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Rate Float Assuming market risk on an interest rate in the hopes that it will go lower prior to closing.

Rate Lock Choosing to have no change to a rate for a specific length of time.

Ratios How a buyers housing expense and debt picture relates to their income.

Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) RESPA is a federal law that allows consumers to review information on known or estimated settlement costs once after application and once prior to or at settlement. The law requires lenders to furnish information after application only.

Realtor A real estate broker or an associate holding active membership in a local real estate board affiliated with the National Association of Realtors.

Rescission The cancellation of a contract. With respect to mortgage refinancing, the law that gives the homeowner three days to cancel a contract in some cases once it is signed if the transaction uses equity in the home as security.
Recon / Reconveyance A release of lien filed with the county recorder by the trustee.

Recording Fees Money paid to the lender for recording a home sale with the local authorities, thereby making it part of the public records.

REFI Slang for refinance, or a new mortgage on a property that does not change ownership.

Request for Reconveyance Verification given by the beneficiary to the trustee that the conditions of the lien have been fulfilled and request that the lien be canceled.

Reverse Annuity Mortgage (RAM) A form of mortgage in which the lender makes periodic payments to the borrower using the borrower's equity in the home as security.

Speak The Mortgage Lingo: Mortgage Glossary Q

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Quit Claim A deed operating as a release; intended to pass any title, interest or claim, which the grantor may have in the property, but not containing any warranty of a valid interest or title in the grantor.

Speak The Mortgage Lingo: Mortgage Glossary P

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P & I Principal and Interest. This refers to the principal and interest portions of the monthly mortgage payment.

P & L / Profit and Loss A statement of a businesses gross income, cost of goods, operating costs and net profit or loss.

P.I.T.I. Principal, interest, taxes and insurance. The complete monthly cost associated with financing a property.

P.U.D. Planned Unit Development. Property owned as a group, where individuals own the specific piece of land and structure they occupy, but also have a divided interest in a common area. A board, often referred to as a Homeowners Association, will govern the development.

Piggy Back Loan Financing obtained, subordinate to the first mortgage, to facilitate closing the first mortgage. Also known as a Secondary Financing.

PMI Private Mortgage Insurance A way for lenders and the buyers to insure their exposure on the loan to no less than 20% equity in a property.
Points A point is equal to one percent of the principal amount of a mortgage, see also Discount Points.

Power of Attorney An authority by which one person enables another to act on his or her behalf. Power of attorney can be limited to specific areas or be general in some cases.

PRE-Approval The Buyer has actually begun the application process and an underwriter has approved their income, funds and credit. Beware of any conditions on the approval.

Prelim. / Preliminary Title Report The title report generated at the beginning of the application process. It tells the mortgage company what liens are on the property and gives advice as to what will need to be done to gain clear title prior to recording the trust deed.

Prepaid Interest Charge The portion of interest, collected at loan closing, which covers the time period between funding and the beginning of the first 30-day period covered by the first payment. For example, if the loan closed on 2/15, the first payment due on 4/1 would pay interest from 3/1 to 4/1. The prepaid interest would cover the period from 2/15 to 2/28.

Prepaids Expenses necessary to create an escrow account or to adjust the seller's existing escrow account. Can include taxes, hazard insurance, private mortgage insurance and special assessments.

Prepayment Penalty Money charged for an early repayment of debt. Prepayment penalties are allowed in some form (but not necessarily imposed) in 36 states and the District of Columbia.

Prepayment A privilege in a mortgage permitting the borrower to make payments in advance of their due date.

PRE-Qualified Buyer has discussed their financial situation with a loan expert. No attempt has been made to verify the validity of any of the borrowers information. PRE-Qualification is only an indication of what the buyer should qualify for.

Principal The amount of debt, not counting interest, left on a loan.

Private Mortgage Insurance In the event that you do not have a 20 percent down payments, lenders will allow a smaller down payment-as low as 5 percent in some cases. With the smaller down payments loans, however, borrowers are usually required to carry private mortgage insurance. Private mortgage insurance will require an initial premium payment of 1.0 percent to 5.0 percent of your mortgage amount and may require an additional monthly fee depending on your loan's structure. On a $75,000 house with a 10 percent down payments, this would mean either an initial premium payment of $2,025 to $3,375, or an initial premium of $675 to $1,130 combined with a monthly payment of $25 to $30. (PMI)

Purchase Agreement The agreement made between the buyer and seller of a property, containing the purchase price and contingencies of the sale.

Speak The Mortgage Lingo: Mortgage Glossary O

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Obligations Any debt, or recurring payment the borrower is obligated to pay, including mortgage payments.

Origination Fee The fee charged by a lender to prepare loan documents, make credit checks, inspect and sometimes appraise a property; usually computed as a percentage of face value of the loan.

Owner Occupied Designation given to property used as the owner's residence.

Owners Policy A policy of the title insurance which protects the buyer against problems with the title.

Speak The Mortgage Lingo: Mortgage Glossary N

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Negative Amortization Amortization means that monthly payments are large enough to pay the interest and reduce the principal on a mortgage. Negative amortization occurs when the monthly payments do not cover all of the interest cost. The interest cost that isn't covered is added to the unpaid principal balance. This means that even after making many payments, a borrower may owe more than was owed at the beginning of the loan.

Net Effective Income The borrower's gross income minus federal income tax.

Non-Assumption Clause Statements in the mortgage contract forbidding the assumption of the mortgage without the prior approval of the lender.

Non-Owner Occupied A property not used as a residence by the owner of the property.

Notary Public A person, designated by the state, which can certify the identity of a person when signing various documents.

Note Short for promissory note. This document gives the parameters of the loan and legally obligates the borrower to pay back the debt.

Speak The Mortgage Lingo: Mortgage Glossary M

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Margin The number of percentage points the lender adds to the index rate to calculate the ARM interest rate at each adjustment.

Market Value The highest price that a buyer would pay and the lowest price a seller would accept on a property. Market value may be different from the price a property could actually be sold for at a given time.

Mortgage Escrow Accounts The account set by the Lender to pay Taxes and Insurance on behalf of the Borrower.

Mortgage Insurance Money paid to insure the mortgage when the down payment is less than 20 percent. See Private Mortgage Insurance or FHA Mortgage Insurance.

Mortgagee The lender.

Mortgagor The borrower or homeowner.

Speak The Mortgage Lingo: Mortgage Glossary L

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Land Contract An agreement between the seller and the buyer where the title is withheld until a time where the required payments have been completed.

Leasehold Estate A kind of real estate ownership where the lessor does not hold title to the property but has use of the property subject to the terms of the lease.

Legal Description A method of geographically locating a piece or parcel of land, which is acceptable in a court of law.

LIBOR London InterBank Offered Rate. LIBOR is the base interest rate paid on deposits between banks in the Eurodollar market.

Lien A claim upon a piece of property for the payment or satisfaction of a debt or obligation.

Loan Committee Generally the Underwriting process.

Loan Risk The rate category assigned to the loan, which estimates the probable risk of delinquency and loss in the future.

Loan-To-Value Ratio The relationship between the amount of the mortgage loan and the appraised value of the property expressed as a percentage. (LTV)

Speak The Mortgage Lingo: Mortgage Glossary J

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Joint Tenants A form of holding title where the owners have 100% rights of survivorship unless redirected by a will.

Jumbo Loan A loan which is larger (more than $335,000) than the limits set by the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. Because jumbo loans cannot be funded by these two agencies, they usually carry a higher interest rate.

Speak The Mortgage Lingo: Mortgage Glossary I

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Impound That portion of a borrower's monthly payments held by the lender or servicer to pay for taxes, hazard insurance, mortgage insurance, lease payments, and other items as they become due. Also known as reserves.

Index A published interest rate against which lenders measure the difference between the current interest rate on an adjustable rate mortgage and that earned by other investments (such as one- three-, and five-year U.S. Treasury Security yields, the monthly average interest rate on loans closed by savings and loan institutions, and the monthly average Costs-of-Funds incurred by savings and loans), which is then used to adjust the interest rate on an adjustable mortgage up or down.

Interest Bearing A form of interest calculation where the loan is charged at a daily or monthly rate (1/365 or 1/12 of the annual interest rate) on the current outstanding balance.

Investor Money source for a lender.

Speak The Mortgage Lingo: Mortgage Glossary H

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Hazard Insurance A form of insurance in which the insurance company protects the insured from specified losses, such as fire, windstorm and the like, it would not cover earthquake, riot, or flood damage.

Homestead The dwelling (house and contiguous land) of the head of the family. Some states grant statutory exemptions, protecting homestead property (usually to a set maximum amount) against the rights of the creditors. Property tax exemptions are also available in some states.

Housing Expenses-to-Income Ratio The ratio, expressed as a percentage, which results when a borrower's housing expenses are divided by his/her net effective income (FHA/VA loans) or gross monthly income (Conventional loans)

Speak The Mortgage Lingo: Mortgage Glossary G

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GFE Good Faith Estimate of Buyers Loan Charges.

Ginnie Mae See Government National Mortgage Association.

Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) Also known as Ginnie Mae, provides sources of funds for residential mortgages, insured or guaranteed by FHA or VA.

Graduated Payment Mortgage (GPM) A type of flexible-payment mortgage where the payments increase for a specified period of time and then level off. This type of mortgage has negative amortization built into it.

Grant Deed A Grant Deed is the most common form of title transfer deed. A Grant Deed contains warranties against prior conveyances or encumbrances.

Gross Monthly Income The total amount the borrower earns per month, before any expenses are deducted.
Guarantee A promise by one party to pay a debt or perform an obligation contracted by another if the original party fails to pay or perform according to a contract.

Speak The Mortgage Lingo: Mortgage Glossary F

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Fannie Mae See Federal National Mortgage Association.

Farmers Home Administration Provides financing to farmers and other qualified borrowers who are unable to obtain loans elsewhere. (FMHA)

Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Also called Freddie Mac, is a quasi-governmental agency that purchases conventional mortgages from insured depository institutions and HUD-approved mortgage bankers. (FHLMC)

Federal Housing Administration A division of the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Its main activity is the insuring of residential mortgage loans made by private lenders. FHA also sets standard for underwriting mortgages. (FHA)

Federal National Mortgage Association Also known as Fannie Mae. A tax-paying corporation created by Congress that purchases and sells conventional residential mortgages as well as those insured by FHA or guaranteed by VA. This institution, which provides funds for one in seven mortgages, makes mortgage money more available and more affordable. (FNMA)

Fee Simple The most common form of ownership where the vestee owns both the land and the structures.

FHA See FEDERAL HOUSING ADMINISTRATION

FHA Loan A loan insured by the Federal Housing Administration open to all qualified home purchasers. While there are limits to the size of FHA loans, they are generous enough to handle moderate-priced homes almost anywhere in the country.

FHA Mortgage Insurance Requires a small fee (up to 3 percent of the loan amount) paid at closing or a portion of this fee added to each monthly payment of an FHA loan to insure the loan with FHA. On a 9.5 percent $75,000 30-year fixed-rate FHA loan, this fee would amount t o either $2,250 at closing or an extra $31 a month for the life of the loan. In addition, FHA mortgage insurance requires an annual fee of 0.5 percent of the current loan amount, the more years the fee must be paid.

FHLMC (FREDDIE-MAC) Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation.

Fixed-Rate Mortgage A mortgage on which the interest rate is set for the term of the loan.

Flood Insurance A mandatory insurance for some homeowners whose property is built in a designated flood zone.

FNMA - (FANNIE-MAE) Federal National Mortgage Association.

Foreclosure A legal procedure in which property securing debt is sold by the lender to pay a defaulting borrower's debt.

Free and Clear This means the property is completely paid for and has no liens attached.

Functional Obsolescence A detraction from the property value due to the design or material being less functional than the norm.

Speak The Mortgage Lingo: Mortgage Glossary E

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Earnest Money Money given by a buyer to a seller as part of the purchase price to bind a transaction or assure payment.

Easements An interest in property, owned by another that entitles the holder to a specific limited use or privilege, such as the right to cross or to build adjoining structures on the property.

Encroachment A fixture of a piece of property which intrudes on another's property.

Equal Credit Opportunity Act Is a federal law that requires lenders and other creditors to make credit equally available without discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, age, sex, marital status or receipt of income from public assistance programs. (ECOA)


Equity The difference between the fair market value and current indebtedness, also referred to as the owner's interest.

Escrow Instructions Instructions to the escrow agent giving the parameters and contingencies involved in the transaction and agreed upon by both parties.

Escrow Waiver The Request for a borrower to pay their own taxes and insurance. Escrow wavers are rarely granted with less than a 25% equity position (<75>

Escrow Refers to a neutral third party who carries out the instructions of both the buyer and seller to handle all the paperwork of settlement or 'closing.' Escrow may also refer to an account held by the lender into which the homebuyer pays money for tax or insurance payments.

Speak The Mortgage Lingo: Mortgage Glossary D

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D.R. / Debt Ratio The customer's monthly obligations divided by their monthly gross income. See also Back End.
Deed Legal document which conveys the title to a property.

Deed of Trust A document used which pledges real property to secure a debt. In some cases a deed of trust can replace a mortgage.

Default Failure to meet legal obligations in a contract, specifically, failure to make the monthly payments on a mortgage.

Deferred Interest See Negative Amortization

Delinquency Failure to make payments on time. This can lead to foreclosure.

Department of Veterans Affairs An independent agency of the federal government which guarantees long-term, low- or no-down payment mortgages to eligible veterans. (VA)

Derog Letter A letter written by the borrower giving an explanation for any derogatory credit.

Derog This is short for derogatory and refers to negative credit items.

Discharge Following a completed bankruptcy proceeding, discharged debts are no longer owed or collectable.

Discount Points Prepaid interest assessed at closing by the lender. Each point is equal to 1 percent of the loan amount (e.g. two points on a $100,000 mortgage would cost $2,000).

Dismissal If a bankruptcy is dropped without being completed, a Bankruptcy Dismissal document will be needed to proceed with the loan. Either the court or the debtor can prompt the dismissal.

Down Payment Money paid to make up the difference between the purchase price and mortgage amount. Down payments usually are 10 percent to 20 percent of the sales price on Conventional loans, and no money down up to 5 percent on FHA and VA loans.

Due-On-Sale Clause A provision in a mortgage or deed of trust that allows the lender to demand immed"

Speak The Mortgage Lingo: Mortgage Glossary C

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Cap The highest rate that an adjustable rate mortgage may reach. It can be expressed as the actual rate or as the amount of change allowed above the start rate. For example, a 7.99 % start rate with a 6% rate change cap would have a maximum interest rate cap of 13.99%.

Cash Out Any funds disbursed directly to the borrower.

Certificate of Occupancy A certificate issued by local city government to a builder, stating that the building is in proper condition to be occupied.

Certified Copy A true copy, attested to be true by the officer holding the original. It should have a stamp and signature stating that it is a true copy.

Clear-to-close Loan is ready to be closed with no additional conditions.

Closing The meeting between the buyer, seller and lender or their agents where the property and funds legally change hands. Also called settlement.

Closing Costs Usually include an origination fee, discount points, appraisal fee, title search and insurance, survey, taxes, deed recording fee, credit report charge and other costs assessed at settlement. The costs of closing usually are about 3 percent to 6 percent of the total mortgage amount. Or any costs being charged to facilitate granting of the credit request.

Commitment An agreement, often in writing, between a lender and a borrower to loan money at a future date subject to the completion of paperwork or compliance with stated conditions.

Community Property Property owned in common by a husband and wife, which was not acquired as separate property. A classification of property peculiar to certain states. In community property states, assets may be owned in part by a spouse even if their name does not appear on the title.

Comp. / Comparable A property with the same basic characteristics as the property you are attempting to find the value of (usually a real estate appraisal.) It should have been sold recently and be as similar as possible.

Condominium A property owned as a group, with rights to occupy specific units of the structure. An overseeing board, often referred to as a Homeowners Association, governs the property.

Construction Loan A short term interim loan for financing the cost of construction. The lender advances funds to the builder at periodic intervals as the work progresses.

Consumer Credit Credit owed by the individual, not secured by real estate.
Conventional Loan A mortgage not insured by FHA or guarantee by the VA or Farmers Home Administration (FMHA).

Conversion Clause A provision in some ARMS, (Adjustable Rate Mortgage) that allows you to change the ARM to a fixed-rate loan at some point during the loan term.

Credit Ratio The ratio, expressed as a percentage, which results when a borrower's monthly payment obligation on long-term debts is divided by his or her net effective income (FHA/VA loans) or gross monthly income (Conventional loans).

Credit Report History of buyers past credit performance.

Credit Score The score given to an individual to determine the credit worthiness. These scores come from TRW, Equifax and Trans Union.

Speak The Mortgage Lingo: Mortgage Glossary B

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Back End This refers to the debt-to-income ratio calculated using principal, interest, taxes, insurance and consumer credit obligations divided by gross monthly income. It is expressed as a percentage.

Balloon Usually a short-term fixed-rate loan which involves small payments for a certain period of time and one large payment for the remaining amount of the principal at a time specified in the contract.

Beneficiary The entity funding the loan. This is the entity to which the loan is owed.

BK / Bankruptcy A reorganization or discharge of debts. Could also be referred to as Chapter 7, 11 or 13.

Broker An individual in the business of assisting in arranging funding or negotiating contracts for a client but who does not loan the money himself. Brokers usually charge a fee or receive a commission for their services.

Buy Down When the lender and/or the home builder subsidizes the mortgage by lowering the interest rate during the first few years of the loan. While the payments are initially low, they will increase when the subsidy expires.

Speak The Mortgage Lingo: Mortgage Glossary A

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1003 Uniform Residential Loan Application.

A & D LOAN Acquisition and development loan- a loan for the purchase of raw land for the purpose development.

Abstract Title A written history of the ownership of a parcel of land.

Acceleration Clause Allows the lender to speed up the rate at which your loan comes due or even to demand immediate payment of the entire outstanding balance of the loan should your default on you loan.

Acknowledgment A declaration by a notary, certifying, by way of personal knowledge or written identification, the identity of the signer.

Adjustable Rate Mortgage Is a mortgage in which the interest rate is adjusted periodically based on a pre-selected index. Also sometimes known as the renegotiable rate mortgage, the variable rate mortgage or the Canadian rollover mortgage. (ARM)

Adjustment Interval On an adjustable rate mortgage, the time between changes in the interest rate and/or monthly payment, typically one, three or five years, depending on the index.

Affidavit A sworn statement in writing.

ALTA American Land Title Association An organization of title companies specializing in Real Property Law which has standardized forms and coverage on a national basis. This is standardized coverage.

Amortized / Amortization Amortization refers to the principal portion of the loan payment and is the loan payment by equal periodic payments calculated to pay off the debt at the end of a fixed period, including accrued interest on the outstanding balance. A fully amortized loan will be completely paid off at the end of the loan term.

Annual Percentage Rate An interest rate reflecting the cost of a mortgage as a yearly rate. This rate is likely to be higher than the stated note rate or advertised rate on the mortgage, because it takes into account points and other credit costs. The APR allows homebuyers to compare different types of mortgages based on the annual cost for each loan. (APR)

Appraisal An estimate of the value of real property, made by a qualified professional called an "appraiser." An appraisal will be needed to determine the value of your property.

APR Annual Percentage Rate A form of disclosure on the truth and lending form that explains the interest rate after factoring in the cost of obtaining the loan. It is a measure of the cost of credit, expressed as a yearly rate.

ARM Adjustable Rate Mortgage A mortgage loan where the interest rate is not fixed for the entire term of the loan, but changes during the life of the loan in line with movements in an index rate.

Assumption The agreement between buyer and seller where the buyer takes over the payments on an existing mortgage from the seller. This must be approved by the lender and be allowed by the note, which was originally signed by the seller.

Fair Credit Reporting Act

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Fair Credit Reporting Act

The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) is designed to help ensure that CRAs furnish correct and complete information to businesses to use when evaluating your application.

Your rights under the Fair Credit Reporting Act:

You have the right to receive a copy of your credit report. The copy of your report must contain all of the information in your file at the time of your request.

You have the right to know the name of anyone who received your credit report in the last year for most purposes or in the last two years for employment purposes.

Any company that denies your application must supply the name and address of the CRA they contacted, provided the denial was based on information given by the CRA.

You have the right to a free copy of your credit report when your application is denied because of information supplied by the CRA. Your request must be made within 60 days of receiving your denial notice.

If you contest the completeness or accuracy of information in your report, you should file a dispute with the CRA and with the company that furnished the information to the CRA. Both the CRA and the furnisher of information are legally obligated to reinvestigate your dispute.

You have a right to add a summary explanation to your credit report if your dispute is not resolved to your satisfaction.

What happens if you are denied credit or don't get the terms you want?

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What happens if you are denied credit or don't get the terms you want?

If you are denied credit, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act requires that the creditor give you a notice that tells you the specific reasons your application was rejected or the fact that you have the right to learn the reasons if you ask within 60 days. Indefinite and vague reasons for denial are illegal, so ask the creditor to be specific. Acceptable reasons include: 'Your income was low' or 'You haven't been employed long enough.' Unacceptable reasons include: 'You didn't meet our minimum standards' or 'You didn't receive enough points on our credit scoring system.'

If a creditor says you were denied credit because you are too near your credit limits on your charge cards or you have too many credit card accounts, you may want to reapply after paying down your balances or closing some accounts. Credit scoring systems consider updated information and change over time.

Sometimes you can be denied credit because of information from a credit report. If so, the Fair Credit Reporting Act requires the creditor to give you the name, address and phone number of the credit reporting agency that supplied the information. You should contact that agency to find out what your report said. This information is free if you request it within 60 days of being turned down for credit. The credit reporting agency can tell you what's in your report, but only the creditor can tell you why your application was denied.

If you've been denied credit, or didn't get the rate or credit terms you want, ask the creditor if a credit scoring system was used. If so, ask what characteristics or factors were used in that system, and the best ways to improve your application. If you get credit, ask the creditor whether you are getting the best rate and terms available and, if not, why. If you are not offered the best rate available because of inaccuracies in your credit report, be sure to dispute the inaccurate information in your credit report.

What can I do to improve my credit score?

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What can I do to improve my score?

Credit scoring models are complex and often vary among creditors and for different types of credit. If one factor changes, your score may change -- but improvement generally depends on how that factor relates to other factors considered by the model. Only the creditor can explain what might improve your score under the particular model used to evaluate your credit application.

Nevertheless, scoring models generally evaluate the following types of information in your credit report:
Have you paid your bills on time? Payment history typically is a significant factor. It is likely that your score will be affected negatively if you have paid bills late, had an account referred to collections, or declared bankruptcy, if that history is reflected on your credit report.

What is your outstanding debt? Many scoring models evaluate the amount of debt you have compared to your credit limits. If the amount you owe is close to your credit limit, that is likely to have a negative effect on your score.

How long is your credit history? Generally, models consider the length of your credit track record. An insufficient credit history may have an effect on your score, but that can be offset by other factors, such as timely payments and low balances.

Have you applied for new credit recently? Many scoring models consider whether you have applied for credit recently by looking at 'inquiries' on your credit report when you apply for credit. If you have applied for too many new accounts recently, that may negatively affect your score. However, not all inquiries are counted. Inquiries by creditors who are monitoring your account or looking at credit reports to make 'prescreened' credit offers are not counted.

How many and what types of credit accounts do you have? Although it is generally good to have established credit accounts, too many credit card accounts may have a negative effect on your score. In addition, many models consider the type of credit accounts you have. For example, under some scoring models, loans from finance companies may negatively affect your credit score.

Scoring models may be based on more than just information in your credit report. For example, the model may consider information from your credit application as well: your job or occupation, length of employment, or whether you own a home.

To improve your credit score under most models, concentrate on paying your bills on time, paying down outstanding balances, and not taking on new debt. It's likely to take some time to improve your score significantly.

How reliable is the credit scoring system?

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How reliable is the credit scoring system?

Credit scoring systems enable creditors to evaluate millions of applicants consistently and impartially on many different characteristics. But to be statistically valid, credit scoring systems must be based on a big enough sample. Remember that these systems generally vary from creditor to creditor.

Although you may think such a system is arbitrary or impersonal, it can help make decisions faster, more accurately, and more impartially than individuals when it is properly designed. And many creditors design their systems so that in marginal cases, applicants whose scores are not high enough to pass easily or are low enough to fail absolutely are referred to a credit manager who decides whether the company or lender will extend credit. This may allow for discussion and negotiation between the credit manager and the consumer.

How is a credit scoring model developed?

clear simple mortgage:

How is a credit scoring model developed?

To develop a model, a creditor selects a random sample of its customers, or a sample of similar customers if their sample is not large enough, and analyzes it statistically to identify characteristics that relate to creditworthiness. Then, each of these factors is assigned a weight based on how strong a predictor it is of who would be a good credit risk. Each creditor may use its own credit scoring model, different scoring models for different types of credit, or a generic model developed by a credit scoring company.

Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, a credit scoring system may not use certain characteristics like -- race, sex, marital status, national origin, or religion -- as factors. However, creditors are allowed to use age in properly designed scoring systems. But any scoring system that includes age must give equal treatment to elderly applicants.

"Why is credit scoring used?

clear simple mortgage:

"Why is credit scoring used?

Credit scoring is based on real data and statistics, so it usually is more reliable than subjective or judgmental methods. It treats all applicants objectively. Judgmental methods typically rely on criteria that are not systematically tested and can vary when applied by different individuals. "

What is credit scoring?

clear simple mortgage:

"What is credit scoring?

Credit scoring is a system creditors use to help determine whether to give you credit. Information about you and your credit experiences, such as your bill-paying history, the number and type of accounts you have, late payments, collection actions, outstanding debt, and the age of your accounts, is collected from your credit application and your credit report. Using a statistical program, creditors compare this information to the credit performance of consumers with similar profiles. A credit scoring system awards points for each factor that helps predict who is most likely to repay a debt. A total number of points -- a credit score -- helps predict how creditworthy you are, that is, how likely it is that you will repay a loan and make the payments when due.

Because your credit report is an important part of many credit scoring systems, it is very important to make sure it's accurate before you submit a credit application. To get copies of your report, contact the three major credit reporting agencies:

Equifax: (800) 685-1111
Experian (formerly TRW): (888) EXPERIAN (397-3742)
Trans Union: (800) 916-8800

Getting To Know Your Credit Report

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"What type of information do credit bureaus collect and sell"?

Credit bureaus collect and sell four basic types of information:

Identification and employment information

Your name, birth date, Social Security number, employer, and spouse's name are routinely noted. The CRA also may provide information about your employment history, home ownership, income, and previous address, if a creditor requests this type of information.

Payment history

Your accounts with different creditors are listed, showing how much credit has been extended and whether you've paid on time. Related events, such as referral of an overdue account to a collection agency, may also be noted.

Inquiries

CRAs must maintain a record of all creditors who have asked for your credit history within the past year, and a record of those persons or businesses requesting your credit history for employment purposes for the past two years.

Public record information

Events that are a matter of public record, such as bankruptcies, foreclosures, or tax liens, may appear in your report.

Getting To Know Your Credit

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"Do I have a right to know what's in my report?
Yes, if you ask for it. The CRA must tell you everything in your report, including medical information, and in most cases, the sources of the information. The CRA also must give you a list of everyone who has requested your report within the past year-two years for employment related requests."

The ABCs of Getting Credit Under Control

clear simple mortgage:

"What is a credit report ?
Your credit payment history is recorded in a file or report. These files or reports are maintained and sold by 'consumer reporting agencies' (CRAs). One type of CRA is commonly known as a credit bureau. You have a credit record on file at a credit bureau if you have ever applied for a credit or charge account, a personal loan, insurance, or a job. Your credit record contains information about your income, debts, and credit payment history. It also indicates whether you have been sued, arrested, or have filed for bankruptcy. "

Another Recent Example Of Mortgage Help

.: Clear Simple Mortgage, Inc. :.:

Another recent example is a single lady who needed $335,000 to buy a beach condo. She had a decent salary but had so much debt (several maxed out credit cards, student loans and a car loan to mention a few) that her debt to income ratio had many lenders just say "no thanks". Although she had no negatives on her credit report, her FICO score was only 548. Her girlfriend, a mortgage consultant at a bank, referred her to us after she was unable to help her qualify for any of the programs she had access to.

We got her all the money she needed and a monthly mortgage payment she could handle easily. The new loan also consolidated and paid off her existing high interest debts. As a result of this debt restructuring, 30 days later her FICO score had jumped 93 points to a respectable 641 mid score."

Here Is Typical Recent Mortgage Help Example

.: Clear Simple Mortgage, Inc. :.:

Here is typical recent example:

� A guy needed $250,000 to buy his first home. One problem was he had less than two years of established credit which a mortgage lender normally requires. He also had a low FICO score of 522 due to an unpaid collection and a late payment on his credit report. He had two jobs, had been less than two years at his main job and did not make enough at his main job to qualify for the mortgage loan he wanted. He was a temp at his second job where he had worked for just four weeks.
� Wells Fargo Home Loan (he was a Wells Fargo customer) approved him for only $185,000 plus he was required to come up with 3% cash down payment and about 2.7% cash for closing costs. A mortgage broker he found online said he could get him $198,000 but the payments were just horrible.
� He finally found us, applied online and we put together a mortgage loan for the full $250,000. Even closing costs were included and we were able to close in just nine days start to finish. He is quite happy in his new home."